Modified log–wake law for zero-pressure-gradient turbulent boundary layers Loi log-trainée modifiée pour couche limite turbulente sans gradient de pression
نویسنده
چکیده
This paper shows that the turbulent velocity profile for zero-pressure-gradient boundary layers is affected by the wall shear stress and convective inertia. The effect of the wall shear stress is dominant in the so-called overlap region and can be described by a logarithmic law in which the von Karman constant is about 0.4 while the additive constant depends on a Reynolds number. The effect of the convective inertia can be described by the Coles wake law with a constant wake strength about 0.76. A cubic correction term is introduced to satisfy the zero velocity gradient requirement at the boundary layer edge. Combining the logarithmic law, the wake law and the cubic correction produces a modified log–wake law, which is in excellent agreement with experimental profiles. The proposed velocity profile law is independent of Reynolds number in terms of its defect form, while it is Reynolds number dependent in terms of the inner variables. The modified log–wake law can also provide an accurate equation for skin friction in terms of the momentum thickness. Finally, by replacing the logarithmic law with van Driest’s mixing-length model in which the damping factor varies with Reynolds number, the modified log–wake law can be extended to the entire boundary layer flow. RÉSUMÉ Le profil de vitesse pour une couche limite turbulente sans gradient de pression dépend de la contrainte de cisaillement à la paroi et de l’inertie convective. L’effet de cisaillement est dominant dans la zone de transition décrite par la loi logarithmique avec constante de von Karman d’environ 0.4. L’effet d’inertie convective est décrit par la loi de trainée de Coles avec un coeffcient de 0.76. Un terme de correction cubique est introduit pour satisfaire la condition limite supérieure sans gradient de vitesse. La loi logarithmique-trainée modifiée qui en résulte se compare très bien avec les profils de vitesse expérimentaux. Sous forme de déviation de vitesse, le profil de vitesse proposé devient indépendent du nombre de Reynolds. La loi proposée produit des équations exactes du coefficient de frottement et d’épaisseur du film de quantité de mouvement. Finalement, en remplacant la loi logarithmique par la longueur de mélange de van Driest avec coefficient d’amortissement fonction du nombre de Reynolds, la loi log-trainée modifiée devient applicable à la couche limite toute entière.
منابع مشابه
Constant adverse pressure gradient turbulent boundary layers
Significant progress has been made towards understanding the large scale features of wall-bounded shear flow in zero pressure gradient (ZPG) turbulent boundary layers (TBL). Here we consider their effects in adverse pressure gradient (APG) flows where the pressure gradient parameter is held constant and Reynolds number is varied. This is done by documenting the changes in the mean velocity, str...
متن کاملModified log-wake law for turbulent flow in smooth pipes
The Authors have found a clever solution to the discontinuity of the velocity gradient at the axis of uniform turbulent pipe flow in the log-wake model by means of a modification with a cubic correction function. Their modified log-wake law leads to a very good replication of the velocity profiles of a large series of smooth pipe flow experiments (see Fig. 5). Moreover, it leads to a correct ed...
متن کاملRough-wall turbulent boundary layers with constant skin friction
A semi-empirical model is presented that describes the development of a fully developed turbulent boundary layer in the presence of surface roughness with length scale ks that varies with streamwise distance x. Interest is centred on flows for which all terms of the von Kármán integral relation, including the ratio of outer velocity to friction velocity U+ ∞ ≡ U∞/uτ , are streamwise constant. F...
متن کاملApplication of the Modified Log-Wake Law in Open-Channels
The modified log-wake law, which was developed for turbulent boundary layers and pipe flows, is extended to turbulent flows in open-channels. Turbulent velocity profiles in open-channels can be approximated with three components: (1) the law of the wall that results from the constant bed shear stress; (2) the law of the wake that reflects the effects of gravity, secondary currents and bed rough...
متن کاملEvolution of zero pressure gradient turbulent boundary layers
The streamwise evolution of a turbulent boundary layer (TBL) developing under constant pressure on a smooth wall is considered. The closure problem is described for the zero pressure gradient (ZPG) flow where the only assumptions made are the use of classical similarity laws, such as Prandtl’s law of the wall and Coles’[1, 2] law of the wake, together with the mean continuity and mean momentum ...
متن کامل